A serif which breaks suddenly from the stem at an angle.
A diacritical mark near or through a letter indicating a variation in pronunciation. Eg. ç, à, ò, é, Å.
The degree of fineness of position that the computer can specify for an output device.
A serif which flows smoothly to or from the stem.
The misrepresentation of high frequencies from the original signal as low frequencies in the sampled result, due to under sampling. Aliasing distorts the letterforms and letter spacing.
A set of abstract symbols employed in a particular writing system. Typography
A glyph, drawn or printed, sometimes used as a model for creating a similar digitized shape. Analog letterform designs maybe expressed as smooth curves that are then digitized.
A typographical character used with the alphabet but lacking a place in the alphabetical order. Examples: the acute accent, the umlaut, the circumflax, and the asterisk.
Enlarging or shrinking letters nonlinearly, so that, for example, they become disproportionately less bold and narrower for their height as they are enlarged. Such transformations can create some of the traditional variations in shape of typefaces at different sizes.
A property of some output devices that gives different results on the x- and y-axes. In CRT, for example, black features crossed by the scan are narrowed preferentially compared with those running parallel to the scan.
Removing alias frequencies from the sampled signal. In letterforms, jaggedness can be minimized during reconstruction by using various grey levels at the edges of stokes.
Another way to describe letters with serifs.
Segment of a circle or ellipse, sometimes used to describe part of the boundary of a letterform.
That part of a lowercase letter that rises above the x-height, as in letters 'b', 'd', 'f', 'h', 'k', 't' and 'l'.
The American Standard Code for Information Interchange, a standard character set defined by ANSI, the American National Standards Institute.
The ratio of width to height.
The symmetry property possessed in varying degrees by a typeface that creates mirror relationships and other similarities of form between letters.
Aspects of letterforms that depart from mirror images relationships between letter pairs, especially 'b-d' and 'p-q', and within individual letters, such as 'T' in some typefaces.
The real or imaginary straight line on which a letterform rotates.
To match the vertical position of lines on the opposite sides of a sheet printed on both sides.
The field on which a letter or graphic appears; the blank paper or screen on which the image is formed.
A circular form at the end of the arm in letters such as a, c, f, j, r, and y. Examples of faces which use ball terminals are Bodoni and Clarendon.
The line on which letterforms rest. (Round letters like "e" and "o" normally dent it, pointed letters like "v" and "w" normally pierce it, and letters with foot serifs like "h" and "l" usually rest precisely upon it.)
A sharp spur, found particularly on the f, and also often on a, c, j, r, and y in many 20th century Romans. (Examples: Perpetual, Pontifex, Ignatius.)
A class of third-degree interpolating splines useful for representing letterform shapes.
A bicameral alphabet has two alphabets joined. The Latin alphabet, which you are reading, is an example; it has an uppercase and lowercase. Unicameral alphabets (the Arabic and Hebrew alphabets) only have one case.
An array of intensity values, normally rectangular, used to create an image, as on a screen or on paper. The bits are mapped onto the screen or paper.
An output device that portrays a bitmap image. A raster display is a bitmap display in which the bitmap data are scanned line by line.
A general name for a wide variety of letterforms that stem from the north of Europe. Blackletters are generally tall, narrow, and pointed. In architecture, comparable to the gothic style.
The apparent darkness of type as it appears on the page. Blackness depends on the boardness of the parts of the letter (boldness), as well as on the x-height and set.
An image that extends to the edge of the paper (after trimming).
A modern typeface with un bracketed serifs, vertical stress and very high contrast.
The height of the face of the type. Originally, this meant the height of the face of the metal block on which each individual letter was cast. In digital type, it is the height of its imaginary equivalent, the rectangle defining the space owned by a given letter (different from the dimension of the letter itself).
A blacker, heavier variation of a typeface, relative to the roman variation.
The generally round or elliptical forms which are the basic body shape of letters such as (uppercase) C, G, O, and (lowercase) b, c, e, o, and p. Similar to the space known as an "eye".
Deciding how much text shall appear on each line or page of a document.
The perceived intensity level of light in a visual scene.
Property of a typeface related to its typographic contrast. Also referred to as sparkle.
A mark used to set off items in a list, frequently a filled circle.
An image-display device that produces images by directly creating lines, arcs, and so on, as opposed to a bitmap display. Also called a stroke display.
The distance from baseline to cap line of an alphabet, which is the approximate height of the uppercase letters. It is often less, but sometimes greater, than the height of the ascending lowercase letters.
The accent, used primarily in French, to soften the letter C.
A monospaced typeface, usually associated with older display devices.
Text set so as to distribute residual space on the line equally to the right and left.
An abstract symbol, represend within a computer by a numerical code. Also, a symbol in a font or glyph.
An ordered set of abstract symbols, used ti represent and exchange information, in which a particular symbol is represented by its index.
Rectangular frame used to lock lines of metal type into position in letterpress use.
An aberration in an optical system that causes light of different colours to be focused in different planes.
A unit of measurement used to measure typefaces. It is equal to 12 Didot points, the slightly larger continental European counterpart to the American and British point.
Style Letterforms having vertical axis, adnate serifs, teardrop terminals and moderate aperture. Originated in the 18th century.
A description of how a book was produced, normally at the end. Also, a printers' mark or emblem.
The overall blackness of a page of text, that is, its average density. By extersion, the blackness of a typeface when set in a block.
A document that contains, in addition to text, graphics, images, or other non-textual components
A type design variation with less than normal set; thus a tightly spaced font.
A spline curve of order two.
The ratio of thickness of vertical to horizontal strokes in letterforms.
The white space enclosed by a letterform, whether wholly enclosed (as in "d" or "o") or partially (as in "c" or "m").
A spline curve of order three.
Typefaces that resemble handwriting, frequently having joins or the suggestion of joins between letters.
A page-description language developed by Imagen Corporation.
In reading, to identify letters and words.
A document-formatting system developed by Digital Equipment Corporation.
Creation of printed documents in small runs or even in single copies, as needed.
A point system used to rate the quality of a particular arrangement of type, for example, when line breaking in TEX. Lines receive demerits for faults such as being -too loose or tight; paragraphs, for defects such as consecutive hyphenations.
The vertical extent on the page of a block of print.
An ordered set of abstract symbols, used ti represent and exchange information, in which a paricular symbol is represented by its index.
That portion of a letter that falls below the baseline, as in 'j', 'g', 'q', 'p' and 'y'.
Direct printing of typeset material using small, relatively inexpensive computers and printers under the direct control of the creator of the material.
An accent or other three. ancillary mark added to a letter to distinguish it or change its pronunciation.
The accent used to separate the pronunciation of two consecutive vowels, as in coördinating. Similar to the umlaut
Unit of type measurement in Europe (except Britain); 1 Didot point = 0. 3 759 mm.
The simulation of continuous-tone pictures by the algorithmic arrangement of bivalued picture elements. Also called spatial dithering.
The technology of using computers for the presentation of text, in which the letters themselves are created and positioned under digital control.
The loss of information in the sampling of a signal. The broader class of errors of which aliasing is an example.
To sample an analogue signal and represent the results in a numeric form.
A special symbol not a part of any particular typeface, including arrows, mathematical signs such as square root, and bullets.
Style of user interface in which the user modifies or moves parts of the document using a pointing device such as a mouse.
Large sizes of type, for use as headlines, titles, and so forth.
General term for type set larger than surrounding text as in headings or advertisements. Usually 14-point or larger.
Sequences of lines of mathematical notation included within running text.
Spatial dithering, the method of creating digital halftones.
An external myth that presents textual and graphical information as (simulated) paper documents.
Any "printed" image stored in a computer or realised on a piece of paper.
Measure of the resolution of input and output devices.
Seen in the lower case "g" with the closed tail and lower case upright finial "a".
The process of transferring information from one device to another. This transferral is called downloading when the transfer flows from a device of (relatively) more power to one of (relatively) less power. Sending new fonts to your printer so that it learns how to print characters in that font is called downloading.
Printing a test copy of a document before printing it in final form.
A large initial capital in a paragraph that extends through several lines.
A folio (page number) dropped to the foot of the page when the folios on other pages are carried at the top. Drop folios are often used on chapter openings.
A perceptual aberration, one form of which causes confusion of mirror-image letter pairs, especially 'p-q' and 'b-d'.
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